Diet and Nutrition
"At first I thought having MS would mean I had to go on some special diet and have to give up everything I enjoy. I was so happy when my doctor said I could just follow a normal healthy eating plan."
Like everyone else, people with multiple sclerosis can benefit from healthy eating. Following a balanced diet means your body has all the fuel it needs to function at its best. This is particularly important when you are living with a long-term unpredictable condition like MS.
Many people find they can improve their quality of life and sense of wellbeing by focusing on aspects of health that can be controlled and changed; such as diet. This combined with appropriate exercise, can help decrease fatigue, maintain regular bowel and bladder function and control weight.
Learning new ways of cooking or using energy-saving tips in the kitchen can help you carry on eating what you enjoy. With careful planning, perhaps with the help of a dietician, you can make sure you meet your dietary needs; even if they change over time. Many people with MS report that they feel better when they eat well.
What should I be eating to keep healthy?
Your body needs:
- Proteins – for growth and tissue repair.
- Carbohydrates and sugars – for energy.
- Fats – to absorb certain vitamins and for essential fatty acids such as Omega 3.
- Fibre – for healthy digestion.
- Vitamins and minerals – for numerous processes in the body, including tissue repair, bone strength and the absorption of other nutrients.
- Fluids – Water carries nutrients around the body and is used in the various chemical processes happening in our cells.
Practical suggestions for improving your diet
- Avoid too much saturated fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil in foods like pastry, cakes and chocolate.
- Eat five portions of fruit or vegetables every day including one portion of dark green, leafy vegetables - Dark green, leafy vegetables contain a small amount of omega 3 essential fatty acid (EFA) which is important for a healthy nervous system, heart and circulation.
- Use polyunsaturated margarines and oils such as sunflower oil or corn oil, instead of saturated fat such as lard and butter. Sunflower oil and corn oil are polyunsaturated fats which are also good sources of the omega 6 EFAs. Omega 6 EFAs are important for a healthy nervous system.
- Grill, bake, steam or poach food instead of frying and choose lean cuts of meat. Sausages, pâtés and beef burgers are often high in saturated fat. Meat is rich in iron, zinc, B vitamins and protein. Zinc boosts your immune system and is important for healing and repair.
- Eat at least two portions of fish a week, one of which should be oily fish like mackerel, pilchards, salmon or sardines. Oily fish is rich in omega 3 EFA and vitamins A and D.
- Choose low-fat dairy products such as skimmed milk, low-fat yoghurt or low fat cheeses.
- Eat wholemeal bread and wholegrain cereals. Carbohydrates are a vital source of energy and fibre.
- Drink six to eight cups of fluid daily (about 1.5 litres). Don’t rely on high caffeine drinks, such as coffee, tea and diet drinks as these can make the body more dehydrated. Dehydration can affect memory, concentration and energy levels. A good fluid intake can also help keep the bladder and bowels healthy.
Do I need to take vitamin supplements?
For most people a balanced diet should be a sufficient source of vital nutrients. With certain drugs the treatment can lower levels of vitamins and minerals in the body and a doctor or dietitian may recommend you take supplements.
Vegetarian and vegan diets
Vegetarian and vegan diets may need more careful planning to make sure you are getting a balanced diet. A dietitian can help you find alternatives to meat and fish. The Vegetarian Society and Vegan Society can also provide information.
I don't want to give up chocolate
There's no harm in having the occasional treat. You needn't feel guilty for enjoying a chocolate bar or packet of crisps every now and then. Eating out at restaurants can also be a good way to try new things - and can give you menu ideas to try out at home.
Controlling your weight
Keeping fit and healthy can make coping with the symptoms of MS easier. A dietitian can help you develop a plan that adjusts as your needs change. It is not always easy to stick to a rigid plan, so keep it flexible and remember to reward yourself with occasional treats.
Health Issues
Both weight loss and weight gain can be a problem for people with MS. You may be less active than you once were which could mean you put on weight. Some drug treatments, including steroids which are used for acute relapses, can also cause weight gain.
Other problems with diet can be related to increased difficulty in shopping, preparing and eating because of posture, swallowing, fatigue and tremor. Additionally appetite can be affected by stress, anxiety and depression, as well as certain drug treatments. You should approach your doctor if you have concerns about any of these issues.